The basics
So what is onyx, really?
Onyx is chalcedony, a quartz made of crystals far too small to see. It grows in flat, parallel bands. Agate is the same stuff, just with curvy bands.
Here's the honest part. Most black onyx sold today is chalcedony or agate dyed black, a practice that goes back centuries. Sardonyx is the version with red-brown bands.
Confusingly, "Mexican onyx" is a different stone: banded calcite, and much softer.


